簡介:
96年Romo運(yùn)動的爆發(fā),各支樂隊(duì)不約而同的,以濃裝冶艷的形象作為外化的旗幟,帶來的竟是八十年代未來派電子音樂和新浪漫音樂的再生。其實(shí)早在七十年代末的新浪潮運(yùn)動風(fēng)潮中,我們就已認(rèn)識了JAPAN--一群并非來自日本的知性派美男子。
中性艷麗的打扮,極富時(shí)代氣息而又具有高度 更多>
96年Romo運(yùn)動的爆發(fā),各支樂隊(duì)不約而同的,以濃裝冶艷的形象作為外化的旗幟,帶來的竟是八十年代未來派電子音樂和新浪漫音樂的再生。其實(shí)早在七十年代末的新浪潮運(yùn)動風(fēng)潮中,我們就已認(rèn)識了JAPAN--一群并非來自日本的知性派美男子。
中性艷麗的打扮,極富時(shí)代氣息而又具有高度內(nèi)省性的音樂風(fēng)格,JAPAN對于新浪漫音樂、環(huán)境音樂、世界音樂,以至于前幾年的Romo浪潮的主導(dǎo)性,就有如Sonic Youth對日后的Grunge搖滾的影響力。同樣的,JAPAN不是這些音樂風(fēng)格的創(chuàng)造者,也不是這些浪潮的直接發(fā)源地,但樂隊(duì)卻是這些音樂普及化的關(guān)鍵性橋梁。
Japan所制造出來的聲音,無疑是Roxy Music及david Bowie式藝術(shù)搖滾的高層次展現(xiàn)。其影響力,甚至直接或間接伸延至英國一些新浪漫音樂組合。Japan及后期的David Sylvian和Mick Karn那種內(nèi)省式音樂所達(dá)至的深度,絕非其他同期樂手所能媲美。現(xiàn)在再"Nightporter","Ghosts","Despair",又或是David Sylvian與Robert Fripp(前King Crimson吉它手)合作的"Damage",仍有一種難以言喻的感動。而Japan音樂領(lǐng)域之廣泛,也非其他一般樂手所能及。樂隊(duì)的解散前后,與他們合作過的樂手,其廣闊性,由日本的Y.M.O.,一風(fēng)堂,到英式的前衛(wèi)先鋒搖滾的Robert Fripp、Bill Nelson;新浪漫音樂先驅(qū)之一Midge Ure(Ultravox)到前哥特?fù)u滾始祖Peter Murphy(Bauhaus);由環(huán)境音樂/新世紀(jì)音樂的Mark Isham,David Torn,遠(yuǎn)至德國前衛(wèi)樂團(tuán)Can之領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人Holger Czukay。在藝術(shù)實(shí)踐形式上,David Sylvian的創(chuàng)作更由音樂伸展到攝影及裝置藝術(shù)。
同樣的,回顧JAPAN的整個音樂歷程,也是一個對自我身份的確認(rèn)與掙扎。78年樂隊(duì)發(fā)表了他們的頭兩張專輯:及,當(dāng)時(shí)樂隊(duì)尚保持五人陣容:主唱David Sylvian,貝司手Mick Karn,敲擊樂手Steve Jansen,鍵盤及合成器樂手Richard Barbieri和吉它手Rob Dean。他們那濃裝艷抹的女性化打扮,和叛逆頹廢的音樂風(fēng)格,是對整個社會的大眾價(jià)值觀及音樂潮流的反動。置身于當(dāng)時(shí)的朋克運(yùn)動及新浪潮運(yùn)動音樂氣候,樂隊(duì)那已帶上電子色彩的美式黑人華麗搖滾風(fēng)格,無疑是一種異端。再加上樂隊(duì)唱片公司只懂吹噓樂隊(duì)形象的宣傳手法,Japan一出道便成為傳媒及整個音樂圈子攻擊及排擠的對象。于外界眼中,他們只不過是嘩眾取寵的New York Dolls翻版。除了少數(shù)樂評人外,幾乎沒有人察覺到樂隊(duì)的真正潛質(zhì)。David Sylvian亦承認(rèn),若非在日本受到熱烈歡迎,樂隊(duì)一早便因經(jīng)濟(jì)問題而解散。
在惡劣的環(huán)境底下,再加上與唱片監(jiān)制的沖突,Japan的兩張?jiān)缙谧髌?,雖已呈現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)特個性,但整體而言,仍是一個亂打亂撞的摸索期。樂隊(duì)各成員甚至不約而同地表示極之討厭這兩張作品。Japan音樂的真正成形,還是當(dāng)他們遇到Roxy Music的唱片監(jiān)制John Punter以后的事。不只是一張脫胎換骨之作,亦是一個罕見的蛻變。Punter的Roxy Music式藝術(shù)搖滾處理手法,為Japan
提供了足以展示其音樂意念的空間。Sylvian獨(dú)有的孤獨(dú)感以及混合著的Bryan Ferry與David Bowie的唱腔、Roxy Music的音樂模式、Brian Eno與法國作曲家Erick Satie的環(huán)境音樂氣氛,再翻唱一首Velvet Underground的"All Tomorrow Patties",中Japan創(chuàng)造出一種經(jīng)典的唯美藝術(shù)搖滾聲音。
跟著的是的進(jìn)一步延伸。其中Sylvian與日本首席Techno-pop組合Y.M.O.的坂本龍一首次合作了一曲"Taking Isl and In Africa"。自此以后,兩人由"Bamboo Music"、Merry Christmas Mr.Lawrance的主題曲“Forbidden Colors"到Sylvian于Japan以后的個人作品,都一直保持著緊密的合作關(guān)系。日本新音樂不單因而引進(jìn)歐美,此合作關(guān)系,亦間接地成為坂本龍一于國外發(fā)展的踏腳石。與此同時(shí),Japan的各成員亦開始與Y.M.O.的鼓手兼主音歌手高橋幸宏,及另外一些日本樂手和組合如Ippu-Do(一風(fēng)堂)、Sandii And The Sunsetz、矢野顯子等有甚密的音樂交往。于Japan解散前的Sons Of Pioneers巡回演出中,Ippu-Do的土屋昌巳更應(yīng)邀為Japan的客席吉它手。而這已是Japan最后一張大碟以后的事。
為Japan帶來了商業(yè)上和藝術(shù)上前所未有的成就。未來派及新浪漫音樂的興起,使Japan變得時(shí)尚起來。在沒有憑任何賣錢的單曲推動下成為金唱片,而稍后,"Ghost"這首Japan的經(jīng)典之作,更出人意表地打進(jìn)英
國單曲榜的前五名位置。乘此強(qiáng)勢,舊唱片公司亦推出一大堆重新包裝的Japan舊作如"Life In Tokyo"、"I Second That Emotion"、"European Son"等以分一杯羹。
自開始,Japan的歌曲均有著極為突出的節(jié)奏部分。Steve Jansen近似東方敲擊的Burundi式鼓法,加上Mick Karn一手搶耳而聲音奇怪的Fretless Bass,構(gòu)成了幾乎是Japan專利的節(jié)奏部分。自吉它手Rob Dean離隊(duì)后,此緊密的節(jié)奏部分,于中更提升至最前線的位置。
一方面是Sylvian對共產(chǎn)中國的個人冥想,另一方面,則是現(xiàn)代電子音樂及東方民族音樂的一次交匯。那種游離于東方世界,介乎于印度、泰國及中國的民族氣氛,與Jon Hassell的第四世界音樂理論不謀而合。這種游離而有時(shí)難以介定其國籍的民族色彩,于Karn及Sylvian其后的個人作品中,仍不時(shí)的出現(xiàn)。"很多年前我已經(jīng)開始對東方宗教哲學(xué)感興趣。最先是禪宗佛教(Zen Buddhism),然后是印度教(Hinduism)。最后兩者均被融入我的生活信仰,我想東方宗教哲學(xué)影響著我生活的每一小節(jié),因?yàn)檫@些信仰改變了我的外表,并且成為了一種被包容于每一天每一刻的身體力行生活方式。如果這影響著我的日常生活,那最終亦影響到我的音樂創(chuàng)作。"多年后的一次訪問中,Sylvian如是說。
此外,Japan亦是將環(huán)境音樂普及化的先驅(qū)之一。先前的"The Tenant" / "Despair" / "Nightporter"這Satie式鋼琴三部曲,又或者"The Experience Of Swimming"及靈感源自于哥普拉的著名影片"現(xiàn)代啟示錄"的"Burning Bridge",都有極重的環(huán)境音樂味道。在之前的兩張專輯中,Richard Barbieri那深受Eno感染的鍵琴彈奏手法,為Japan的音樂抹上一層雖淡卻深的氛圍色彩。而在中的"Ghost"及"Sons Of Pioneers",進(jìn)一步散發(fā)著這種旋律化的環(huán)境音樂氣味。Japan以后的Sylvian,亦繼續(xù)向著這環(huán)境音樂世界探索。Sylvian個人作品的樂手名單中,如Holger Czukay、Jon Hassell、Mark Isham及Robert Fripp等,均為環(huán)境音樂圈子里舉足輕重的名字。Sylvian感性的筆觸,描寫的是一內(nèi)在的心象風(fēng)景。Japan的環(huán)境音樂氣氛,所描繪的,是現(xiàn)代社會生活的點(diǎn)滴,反映內(nèi)向自我的封閉的孤獨(dú)空間。"Ghost"這首Sylvian自認(rèn)為Japan時(shí)期最滿意的作品,所表現(xiàn)出的自省及矛盾的內(nèi)在世界,是Japan這種內(nèi)向藝術(shù)的最完美表現(xiàn)。'
雖然是Japan的最后一張專輯,但Japan的解散不過是名義上的而已。在樂隊(duì)成員各自的獨(dú)立發(fā)展道路上,他們?nèi)匀槐3种o密的合作關(guān)系--Karn及Sylvian其后的每張個人專輯中,你都能發(fā)現(xiàn)上面有昔日隊(duì)友的名字,而Jansen和Barbieri也曾攜手以二人名義推出專輯,他們以The Dolphin Brothers這一名字延續(xù)著Japan的藝術(shù)生命。91年時(shí),除Dean以外的四位樂隊(duì)成員(也就是Japan后期原裝陣容)以Rain Tree Crow名字推出一張同名專輯,在他們非凡的音樂道路上又豎立起一塊里程碑。
by Jason Ankeny
Japans evolution from rather humble glam rock beginnings into stylish synth pop (and beyond) made the British group one of the more intriguing and successful artists of their era. Formed in London in 1974, Japan began its existence as a quintet comprised of singer/songwriter David Sylvian, bassist Mick Karn, keyboardist Richard Barbieri, drummer (and Sylvians brother) Steve Jansen and guitarist Rob Dean. In their primary incarnation, the group emulated the sound and image of glam rockers like David Bowie and the New York Dolls; Sylvians over-the-top vocals, much in the vein of Bryan Ferry, also earned Japan frequent (if derisive) comparisons to Roxy Music.
After winning a label-sponsored talent contest, they were signed to Germanys Ariola-Hansa Records in 1977 and debuted a year later with a pair of LPs, Adolescent Sex and Obscure Alternatives, which received little notice at home or in the U.S. but did find favor among Japanese audiences. With 1979s Quiet Life, Japan made a tremendous leap into more sophisticated stylistic and subtle territory; a subsequent hit single covering Smokey Robinsons I Second That Emotion further underscored the newfound soulfulness of their music.
1980s Gentlemen Take Polaroids continued to broaden Japans scope, incorporating a variety of exotic influences into their increasingly atmospheric sound. With 1981s Tin Drum (recorded minus Dean), the band peaked: tapping sources as diverse as funk and Middle Eastern rhythms, the album moved beyond pop confines into experimental tones and textures, and scored a U.K. smash with the single Ghosts.
However, Tin Drum also proved to be Japans swan song: long-simmering differences among the bandmembers came to a head when Karns girlfriend moved in with Sylvian, and the group disbanded in 1982. The individual members quickly forged ahead with their projects: Sylvian began a successful solo career and also entered into a series of collaborations with performers like Ryuichi Sakamoto, Holger Czukay and Robert Fripp, while Karn issued a 1982 solo LP, Titles, before founding the short-lived duo Dalis Car with Bauhaus Peter Murphy. In 1986, meanwhile, Jansen and Barbieri issued Worlds in a Small Room under their own names before recording together as the Dolphin Brothers.
In 1987, Karn released Dreams of Reason Produce Monsters, a solo LP which featured contributions from Sylvian and Jansen, spurring rumors of a reunion which came to fruition in 1989 when the four principal members re-teamed under the name Rain Tree Crow. By the time an eponymously-titled album appeared in 1991, however, relations had again dissolved in acrimony, and the musicians went their separate ways; while Sylvian continued working independently, as the decade wore on Karn, Jansen and Barbieri occasionally reunited in various projects while also maintaining solo careers.
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